How Do Cough Drops Work Vector

How Do Cough Drops Work: An Overview (2025)

by | Updated: Feb 4, 2025

Cough drops are a simple yet effective remedy for soothing sore throats and reducing cough symptoms. They work by delivering active ingredients that target throat irritation, dryness, and the cough reflex.

Understanding how these ingredients interact with the body can help you make informed decisions about using cough drops to manage symptoms effectively.

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What is a Cough Drop?

A cough drop, also known as a throat lozenge or cough lozenge, is a small, medicated candy-like product designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth. It is commonly used to relieve minor throat irritation, reduce coughing, and soothe a sore throat.

Cough drops come in various flavors and typically contain active ingredients that provide soothing and numbing effects.

Cough Drops Vector Illustration

Key Components of Cough Drops

  • Active Ingredients: These are the substances that provide therapeutic effects. Common active ingredients include:
    • Menthol: A cooling agent that helps soothe the throat and reduce coughing.
    • Eucalyptus Oil: Known for its soothing and decongestant properties.
    • Honey: Often included for its natural soothing and moisturizing effects.
    • Benzocaine: A local anesthetic that helps numb the throat.
    • Herbal Extracts: Ingredients like licorice root or slippery elm may be added for their anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
  • Flavoring Agents: To make them more palatable, cough drops often contain flavorings like mint, cherry, or citrus.
  • Base Ingredients: These are the substances that give the cough drop its solid form and allow it to dissolve slowly in the mouth. Sugar or sugar substitutes are commonly used for this purpose.

Cough drops are designed to be sucked on, allowing them to dissolve slowly. As they dissolve, the active ingredients are gradually released, providing relief from throat discomfort and coughing.

They are an over-the-counter remedy and can be found in most pharmacies, grocery stores, and online.

While cough drops can provide temporary relief, they do not treat the underlying cause of a cough or sore throat, such as a cold, flu, or infection. Therefore, they are best used as part of a broader treatment plan or to manage symptoms temporarily.

How Do Cough Drops Work?

Cough drops work by providing temporary relief from cough and throat irritation. They contain active ingredients that soothe the throat, reduce inflammation, and suppress the cough reflex.

Here’s how they work:

  • Soothing the Throat: Many cough drops contain ingredients like menthol, eucalyptus, or honey, which create a cooling sensation. This cooling effect can help numb the throat, reducing discomfort and irritation caused by coughing or a sore throat.
  • Moisturizing the Throat: Ingredients like honey or glycerin in cough drops can coat the throat, helping to keep it moist. This moisture can relieve dryness that often exacerbates coughing and throat irritation.
  • Suppressing the Cough Reflex: Menthol, a common ingredient in cough drops, can also act as a mild anesthetic. It numbs the nerves in the throat that trigger the cough reflex, helping to reduce the urge to cough.
  • Providing a Mild Antiseptic Effect: Some cough drops contain antiseptic agents, such as benzocaine or certain essential oils, that can help fight bacteria or viruses in the throat, potentially aiding in reducing the severity of a sore throat.
  • Reducing Inflammation: Certain ingredients, like herbal extracts (e.g., licorice root, slippery elm), may have anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce swelling and irritation in the throat.

Note: By combining these effects, cough drops can provide temporary relief from the discomfort of coughing, sore throats, and throat irritation. However, they do not cure the underlying cause of the cough or sore throat, so they should be used as part of a broader treatment plan if needed.

Do Cough Drops Cure Coughing?

No, cough drops do not cure coughing. They provide temporary relief from the symptoms of coughing and throat irritation by soothing the throat, moisturizing dry tissues, and reducing the cough reflex.

However, they do not address the underlying cause of the cough, such as a viral infection, allergies, or other respiratory conditions.

If the cough persists, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to address the root cause. Cough drops are best used as a symptomatic treatment, not a cure.

What are the Best Cough Drops?

Our top recommendation for cough drops is Ricola Sugar-Free Lemon Mint Herbal Cough Drops. These lozenges combine refreshing lemon and mint with soothing menthol to provide effective relief for coughs and sore throats.

Made with Ricola’s unique Swiss herbal blend, grown naturally in the Swiss mountains, these drops offer a pleasant, sugar-free option that has been trusted for over 80 years.

The active ingredient, menthol (1.5 mg per drop), helps soothe irritation, while the delicious herbal flavors of peppermint, thyme, and lemon balm make them a delightful choice for relief.

Our Top Pick
Ricola Sugar Free Lemon Mint Herbal Cough Drops

These cough drops provide soothing relief with a refreshing taste, making them a top choice for effective cough and sore throat relief.

If you click this link and make a purchase, we earn a commission at no additional cost to you.

Downsides to Cough Drops

While cough drops can provide temporary relief from cough and throat irritation, there are some downsides to consider:

  • Excess Sugar Consumption: Many cough drops contain sugar, which can contribute to tooth decay, weight gain, and increased blood sugar levels, especially if consumed frequently.
  • Overuse and Dependency: Overusing cough drops can lead to dependency, where you might feel the need to use them even when they are no longer necessary. This can lead to excessive intake of certain active ingredients, like menthol.
  • Masking Underlying Issues: Cough drops may temporarily mask symptoms without addressing the underlying cause of the cough. This can delay proper diagnosis and treatment, especially if the cough is a sign of a more serious condition.
  • Potential Allergic Reactions: Some people may be allergic to ingredients in cough drops, such as menthol, eucalyptus oil, or certain flavorings. This can lead to allergic reactions, including skin rashes, difficulty breathing, or swelling.
  • Side Effects from Active Ingredients: Certain active ingredients, like menthol or benzocaine, can cause side effects if used in large amounts. Menthol, for example, can cause nausea, dizziness, or headaches when overused.
  • Interactions with Other Medications: Some cough drops contain ingredients that may interact with medications you’re taking. For example, if you’re on a low-sugar diet or taking medications for blood sugar control, the sugar in cough drops could be a concern.
  • Limited Effectiveness: Cough drops may not be effective for severe or chronic coughs, and relying solely on them for relief could prevent you from seeking more effective treatments.
  • Choking Hazard: For young children or people with swallowing difficulties, cough drops can pose a choking hazard.

Note: It’s important to use cough drops as directed and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.

Alternative Cough Treatments

Here are some alternative treatments for cough that you can consider:

  • Honey: Honey is a natural remedy that can help soothe the throat and reduce coughing. It has antimicrobial properties and is often used in warm teas or taken directly by the spoonful. However, it should not be given to children under one year of age due to the risk of botulism.
  • Herbal Teas: Herbal teas, such as ginger, chamomile, or peppermint tea, can help soothe the throat and provide relief from coughing. Ginger, in particular, has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce cough-related inflammation.
  • Humidifiers: Adding moisture to the air with a humidifier can help relieve dry throat and reduce coughing, especially if the cough is due to dry air or respiratory irritation.
  • Steam Inhalation: Inhaling steam from hot water or a warm shower can help loosen mucus in the airways and reduce cough symptoms. Adding essential oils like eucalyptus or peppermint can enhance the effect.
  • Saltwater Gargle: Gargling with warm salt water can help reduce throat irritation and soothe a sore throat, which may lessen coughing.
  • Over-the-Counter (OTC) Cough Medications: OTC medications like cough suppressants (e.g., dextromethorphan) or expectorants (e.g., guaifenesin) can help manage cough symptoms. Cough suppressants reduce the urge to cough, while expectorants help loosen mucus.
  • Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is important for thinning mucus and keeping the throat moist, which can help reduce coughing. Drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, and broths can support this.
  • Rest and Elevation: Getting adequate rest and keeping your head elevated while sleeping can help reduce nighttime coughing. Elevation prevents mucus from pooling in the throat, which can trigger coughing.
  • Elderberry Syrup: Elderberry syrup is a natural remedy that is believed to have antiviral properties. Some studies suggest it may help reduce the duration and severity of coughs and colds.
  • Marshmallow Root: Marshmallow root is an herb that can create a protective coating over the throat, reducing irritation and soothing coughs. It is often found in teas or syrups.
  • Licorice Root: Licorice root has been traditionally used to relieve coughs and sore throats due to its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. It can be taken as a tea or in supplement form.
  • Probiotics: While not directly a cough remedy, probiotics can help improve gut health, which may indirectly support the immune system and reduce the likelihood of coughs caused by infections.
  • Avoiding Irritants: Reducing exposure to irritants such as smoke, pollution, or allergens can help prevent coughs from worsening. This may include using air purifiers or avoiding smoking areas.
  • Acupuncture: Some people find relief from chronic cough through acupuncture, an alternative therapy that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body.
  • Dietary Changes: Avoiding foods that trigger reflux, such as spicy or fatty foods, can help reduce coughs caused by acid reflux. Adding foods rich in vitamins and antioxidants can also support overall immune health.

Note: These alternatives can be used alone or in combination, depending on the severity and cause of the cough. If symptoms persist or worsen, it’s important to seek medical advice.

FAQs About How Cough Drops Work

How Effective Are Cough Drops?

Cough drops are generally effective at providing temporary relief from minor throat irritation, coughing, and dryness. They work by soothing the throat and reducing the urge to cough.

The effectiveness varies depending on the active ingredients, such as menthol or eucalyptus, which help numb the throat and decrease discomfort. However, they do not address the underlying cause of the cough, such as infection or allergies.

How Long Do Cough Drops Work For?

The effects of cough drops typically last anywhere from 1 to 2 hours, depending on the strength of the ingredients and the severity of the symptoms.

While they provide temporary relief, they may need to be taken regularly throughout the day to manage symptoms effectively. It’s important to follow the recommended dosage instructions to avoid overuse.

Are You Supposed to Swallow Cough Drops?

Cough drops are meant to be slowly dissolved in the mouth rather than swallowed whole. Letting them dissolve allows the active ingredients to gradually coat the throat, providing relief.

Swallowing a cough drop whole can reduce its effectiveness and might even pose a choking hazard.

How Long Does It Take for a Cough Drop to Dissolve?

A cough drop typically takes about 5 to 10 minutes to fully dissolve, depending on the size and how quickly you suck on it. It’s best to let it dissolve slowly to maximize the soothing effects on your throat.

Are Cough Drops Safe for Kids?

Cough drops are generally safe for older children, usually over the age of 6, but they should be used with caution. Younger children may not understand the need to let the cough drop dissolve slowly and could accidentally swallow it whole, leading to a choking hazard.

Always check the packaging for age recommendations, and consult with a pediatrician if you’re unsure whether a particular cough drop is safe for your child.

Do Cough Drops Have Alcohol in Them?

Most cough drops do not contain alcohol, but it’s important to check the ingredient list to be sure. Some specialty or herbal cough drops might contain small amounts of alcohol as a preservative or solvent for certain ingredients.

However, these are typically in such low concentrations that they are not considered harmful. If you are concerned about alcohol content, opt for brands that explicitly state they are alcohol-free.

Are Cough Drops Better Than Cough Medicine?

Cough drops and cough medicine serve different purposes. Cough drops provide immediate, temporary relief by soothing the throat, while cough medicine may address the underlying cause of the cough, such as congestion or inflammation.

For minor throat irritation or occasional coughing, cough drops might be sufficient. However, for more persistent or severe symptoms, cough medicine or consulting with a healthcare provider may be more effective.

What Happens if You Take Too Many Cough Drops?

Taking too many cough drops can lead to side effects such as an upset stomach, diarrhea, or nausea, especially if the drops contain menthol or other active ingredients in high amounts.

Excessive consumption can also lead to a sore mouth or throat due to irritation from constant sucking.

When to See a Doctor for Coughing?

You should see a doctor if your cough persists for more than two weeks, is accompanied by other symptoms such as high fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, or produces blood or discolored mucus.

Chronic coughing could be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention, such as an infection, asthma, or other respiratory issues.

Final Thoughts

Cough drops provide temporary relief from throat irritation and coughing through a combination of soothing, moisturizing, and numbing effects.

While they are a convenient solution for managing symptoms, it’s important to remember that they address the discomfort, not the underlying cause. For persistent or severe symptoms, further medical evaluation may be necessary.

John Landry, BS, RRT

Written by:

John Landry, BS, RRT

John Landry is a registered respiratory therapist from Memphis, TN, and has a bachelor's degree in kinesiology. He enjoys using evidence-based research to help others breathe easier and live a healthier life.