Becoming a respiratory therapist is an exciting and rewarding journey for those interested in a healthcare career that makes a tangible difference in patients’ lives.
As a vital part of the healthcare team, respiratory therapists specialize in diagnosing and treating breathing disorders, helping individuals with conditions ranging from asthma to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
This dynamic profession offers a unique blend of patient care, technology, and medical knowledge, making it an ideal choice for compassionate individuals who enjoy working in fast-paced environments.
In this article, we’ll explore the steps needed to become a respiratory therapist, from education and certification requirements to career opportunities and advancement potential.
Get instant access to 25+ premium quizzes, mini-courses, and downloadable cheat sheets for FREE.
What is a Respiratory Therapist?
A respiratory therapist is a specialized healthcare professional who focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders.
They play a crucial role in healthcare, working with patients who have difficulty breathing due to conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and cystic fibrosis, among others.
Required Steps to Become a Respiratory Therapist
Becoming a respiratory therapist involves a series of educational and professional steps. Here is a detailed overview of the required steps to pursue this rewarding career:
- Cultivate a Passion for Helping Others
- Graduate from High School
- Take the Required Prerequisite Courses
- Apply to Accredited Programs
- Enroll in a Respiratory Therapy Program
- Complete the Required Coursework
- Complete Clinical Experience
- Graduate with a Degree in Respiratory Therapy
- Pass the NBRC Credentialing Exams
- Obtain State Licensure
- Start Your Career
- Advance Your Career
- Maintain Your Certification
Watch this video or keep reading to learn more about the required steps for becoming a respiratory therapist.
1. Cultivate a Passion for Helping Others
The journey to becoming a respiratory therapist begins with cultivating a genuine passion for helping others. This essential quality is at the heart of any healthcare profession, and it’s particularly vital for respiratory therapists.
Working with patients who often experience significant discomfort and breathing difficulties requires a high level of compassion and empathy. This career path is not just about earning a paycheck; it’s about making a meaningful difference in patients’ lives.
Your ability to empathize and connect with patients will enable you to provide the best possible care and support throughout their treatment.
2. Graduate from High School
The next step is to graduate from high school or earn a GED equivalent. Having a high school diploma or equivalent is a prerequisite for entering most respiratory therapy programs.
While in high school, focus on science and math courses such as biology, chemistry, and algebra to build a strong foundation for your future studies.
Engaging in health-related extracurricular activities or volunteer work can also provide valuable exposure to the healthcare field.
3. Take the Required Prerequisite Courses
After high school, you will need to take the necessary prerequisite courses to prepare for a respiratory therapy program.
These courses typically include:
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Chemistry
- College Algebra
- English Composition
It’s crucial to check the specific requirements for each respiratory therapy program you’re interested in, as they may have unique prerequisites.
Completing these courses will not only fulfill program requirements but also give you a solid foundation for the advanced coursework you’ll encounter in your respiratory therapy education.
4. Apply to Accredited Programs
Once you’ve completed the prerequisite courses, the next step is to apply to accredited respiratory therapy programs. Research programs that align with your career goals and preferences, ensuring they are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC).
Accreditation is essential because it guarantees that the program meets the educational standards required for a career in respiratory therapy. Pay attention to each program’s requirements, such as observation hours, recommendation letters, and entrance exams.
Apply to multiple schools to increase your chances of acceptance, and choose the program that best fits your educational and career objectives.
5. Enroll in a Respiratory Therapy Program
After receiving acceptance letters, enroll in the respiratory therapy program of your choice. Formally accepting the offer of admission secures your spot in the program.
Consider both associate and bachelor’s degree options, as both can lead to a successful career, though a bachelor’s degree may offer more opportunities for advancement.
Make sure you understand the curriculum and requirements, including any additional costs or commitments, to fully prepare for your educational journey.
6. Complete the Required Coursework
Once enrolled, focus on successfully completing the required coursework for your respiratory therapy program.
The curriculum typically includes:
- Fundamentals of Respiratory Care
- Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
- Patient Assessment
- Pharmacology
- Airway Management
- Mechanical Ventilation
- Neonatal and Pediatric Care
- Cardiopulmonary Pathology
These courses will provide you with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in respiratory care. Take advantage of resources such as study guides and tutoring services, and actively participate in class to fully grasp the material.
This academic foundation is crucial for your success in clinical settings and your future career as a respiratory therapist.
7. Complete Clinical Experience
In addition to coursework, gaining hands-on clinical experience is a crucial part of your training as a respiratory therapist. Most programs require students to complete a specified number of clinical hours, typically between 500 and 1,000, depending on the program.
During these clinical rotations, you will work in hospitals and other healthcare settings under the supervision of experienced respiratory therapists.
This experience allows you to apply the skills and knowledge you’ve gained in the classroom to real-world patient care. It’s an opportunity to develop practical skills, learn from professionals in the field, and gain confidence in your abilities.
8. Graduate with a Degree in Respiratory Therapy
After successfully completing both the academic and clinical components of your program, you will graduate with a degree in respiratory therapy.
An associate’s degree is the standard entry-level credential for the profession, although some choose to pursue a bachelor’s degree for additional opportunities and advancement potential.
Graduation marks a significant milestone in your journey, equipping you with the foundational knowledge and skills needed to enter the workforce as a competent respiratory therapist.
9. Pass the NBRC Credentialing Exams
To practice as a respiratory therapist, you must earn the necessary credentials by passing the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) exams.
These include:
- Therapist Multiple-Choice (TMC) Exam: Passing this exam with a high-cut score qualifies you to take the Clinical Simulation Exam (CSE) and earn the Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT) credential.
- Clinical Simulation Exam (CSE): Successfully passing this exam grants you the RRT credential, a standard requirement for most respiratory therapy positions.
Note: Both exams are computer-based and offered year-round at testing centers across the country. Earning these credentials demonstrates your competence and readiness to practice respiratory care professionally.
10. Obtain State Licensure
Once you have earned your credentials by passing the NBRC exams, the next step is to apply for state licensure. Licensure is required in most states to legally practice as a respiratory therapist.
Each state has its own licensing process and requirements, so it’s important to check with the state’s licensing board where you plan to work.
Generally, this process involves submitting proof of your NBRC credentials, completing a background check, and paying a licensing fee.
If you plan to practice in multiple states, you’ll need to obtain a separate license for each one. Obtaining your state license is a critical step that officially authorizes you to provide respiratory care to patients.
11. Start Your Career
With your license and credentials in hand, you are ready to begin your career as a respiratory therapist. Start by searching for job openings in hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers, or home healthcare agencies.
Job boards and websites like Indeed.com can be valuable resources for finding open positions.
Networking with professionals you met during your clinical rotations can also help you find job opportunities. When applying, tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight your education, clinical experience, and certifications.
Prepare for interviews by practicing common questions and demonstrating your passion for respiratory care. Landing your first job will allow you to gain practical experience, refine your skills, and start making a positive impact on patients’ lives.
12. Advance Your Career
After gaining some experience, consider advancing your career by specializing in a specific area of respiratory care or pursuing further education.
You can obtain specialty credentials from the NBRC, such as:
- Adult Critical Care Specialist (ACCS)
- Neonatal/Pediatric Specialist (NPS)
- Sleep Disorders Specialist (SDS)
- Certified Pulmonary Function Technologist (CPFT)
- Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist (RPFT)
These credentials can enhance your expertise, open up new job opportunities, and often lead to higher salaries.
Additionally, pursuing a bachelor’s or master’s degree in a related field can prepare you for leadership, management, or educational roles within the profession.
Note: Continuing your education and expanding your skill set will help you grow professionally and achieve long-term career success.
13. Maintain Your Certification
Maintaining your credentials and licensure is a crucial part of being a respiratory therapist. This typically involves completing continuing education units (CEUs) and assessments on a periodic basis.
The specific requirements for maintaining certification may vary by state and credential, so it’s important to stay informed about the latest requirements from your state licensing board and the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC).
Participating in workshops, seminars, and online courses can help you fulfill these requirements while keeping your skills and knowledge up to date.
Note: Staying current with your certification ensures that you remain eligible to practice and continue providing high-quality care to your patients.
FAQs on How to Become a Respiratory Therapist
What is the Salary of a Respiratory Therapist?
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for respiratory therapists was $77,960 in 2023. However, this figure can vary significantly based on factors such as experience, education, and location.
Respiratory therapists with more experience and advanced certifications often earn higher salaries, while those working in metropolitan areas or specialized healthcare facilities may also command higher wages.
Additionally, shifts and settings can influence earnings, with opportunities for overtime and differential pay in some healthcare environments.
How Long Does it Take to Become a Respiratory Therapist?
Becoming a respiratory therapist typically takes three to four years. This timeframe includes completing an accredited respiratory therapy program, which generally lasts two years.
However, most programs require students to complete prerequisite courses before starting, which can add an additional one to two years to the overall timeline.
After finishing the educational requirements, candidates must pass credentialing exams, which may require additional time for study and preparation. Fortunately, our premium materials can simplify this process and help students succeed in their exams.
How Much Does it Cost to Become a Respiratory Therapist?
The cost of becoming a respiratory therapist can vary widely, but the average cost for in-state students is approximately $10,000 per year. For out-of-state students, the average annual cost is about $25,000.
These costs cover tuition and fees but may not include additional expenses such as books, supplies, certification exams, licensure fees, and continuing education.
Costs can also vary based on the institution, geographic location, and available financial aid options. Students are encouraged to explore scholarships, grants, and financial aid packages to help offset these expenses.
What Does a Respiratory Therapist Do on the Job?
Respiratory therapists are healthcare professionals who specialize in providing care to patients with breathing and cardiopulmonary disorders. Their role is essential in assessing, diagnosing, and treating conditions that affect the respiratory system.
Here are some of the most common job duties of a respiratory therapist:
- Assessing Patients for Lung Disease: Conduct evaluations to diagnose and monitor lung conditions.
- Administering Aerosol Medications: Deliver medication directly to a patient’s lungs using nebulizers or inhalers.
- Administering Oxygen Therapy: Provide supplemental oxygen to patients with low blood oxygen levels.
- Administering Lung Expansion Therapy: Help patients improve lung function and prevent atelectasis.
- Administering Chest Physical Therapy (CPT): Use techniques to clear mucus from the lungs and airways.
- Administering Airway Clearance Therapy: Perform procedures to remove mucus and secretions.
- Managing Patients on Mechanical Ventilation: Oversee and adjust ventilator settings for patients requiring assisted breathing.
- Assisting with Endotracheal Intubation: Help with inserting a tube into the airway to maintain an open airway.
- Assisting with Bronchoscopy Procedures: Support doctors during examinations of the airways.
- Drawing and Analyzing Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): Measure and interpret blood gas levels to assess respiratory function.
- Designing and Implementing Treatment Plans: Develop customized care plans for patients with respiratory conditions.
- Managing Patients with a Tracheostomy: Care for patients with tracheostomy tubes to ensure proper airway management.
- Suctioning and Analyzing Sputum Specimens: Remove and examine mucus from the respiratory tract.
- Analyzing Chest X-Rays: Review and interpret chest imaging to diagnose lung conditions.
- Assessing Vital Signs: Monitor heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure to evaluate patient status.
- Performing Electrocardiogram Tests (ECG): Conduct tests to assess heart rhythm and electrical activity.
- Performing Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT): Measure lung volume, capacity, and flow rates to assess lung function.
- Responding to Code Blue and Emergency Situations: Provide rapid intervention in life-threatening emergencies.
- Assisting with Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Help patients improve their lung function and quality of life through rehabilitation programs.
- Conducting Research and Studies: Participate in studies related to the cardiopulmonary system to advance medical knowledge.
- Educating Patients on Smoking Cessation: Provide guidance and support for patients seeking to quit smoking.
Note: The specific duties of a respiratory therapist may vary depending on their place of employment. For instance, a respiratory therapist working in a hospital may have different responsibilities than one working in a nursing home or outpatient clinic.
What Conditions Do Respiratory Therapists Treat?
Respiratory therapists are responsible for treating a wide range of conditions affecting the heart and lungs. Some examples include:
- Asthma
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
- Pneumonia
- Bronchiectasis
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pleural Effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Pleural Diseases
- Sleep Apnea
- Lung Cancer
Note: Given the diversity of these conditions, respiratory therapists must have a thorough understanding of the cardiopulmonary system to effectively diagnose and treat breathing disorders. Their expertise is critical in improving patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for those with respiratory ailments.
Where Do Respiratory Therapists Work?
Respiratory therapists work in various healthcare settings, offering their expertise in multiple areas of patient care.
Some of the common environments where respiratory therapists can be found include:
- Emergency Rooms: Providing rapid response and treatment for patients with acute respiratory distress or trauma.
- Intensive Care Units (ICUs): Managing critically ill patients requiring advanced respiratory support and monitoring.
- Neonatal and Pediatric Units: Caring for newborns and children with respiratory issues, including premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
- Operating Rooms: Assisting with anesthesia and monitoring patients’ respiratory status during surgical procedures.
- Nursing Homes: Supporting elderly patients with chronic respiratory conditions and offering ongoing respiratory therapy.
- Rehabilitation Centers: Helping patients recover and improve lung function following surgery or illness.
- Sleep Labs: Conducting sleep studies and treating patients with sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea.
- Home Health: Providing respiratory care and equipment management for patients in their homes.
- Skilled Nursing Facilities: Delivering respiratory care to patients who require long-term or specialized medical attention.
Note: The job duties of a respiratory therapist vary depending on the setting in which they work, offering flexibility and diversity in their career paths.
What is a Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT)?
A Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) is an entry-level credential granted by the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) to respiratory therapists who have passed the Therapist Multiple-Choice (TMC) exam. The CRT credential is the minimum requirement for applying for a license to practice respiratory care.
After obtaining the CRT credential and achieving a high-cut score on the TMC exam, candidates become eligible to take the Clinical Simulation Exam (CSE). Successfully passing the CSE allows candidates to advance to the next level of certification.
What is a Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT)?
A Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT) is a high-level credential awarded by the NBRC to respiratory therapists who have completed advanced certification requirements. The RRT credential represents the highest standard in the field and is often required for more specialized roles in respiratory care.
To earn the RRT credential, candidates must first pass the TMC exam with a high-cut score, earning the CRT credential in the process.
This qualifies them to take the Clinical Simulation Exam (CSE). Upon successfully passing the CSE, candidates are awarded the RRT credential, signifying their advanced knowledge and expertise in respiratory therapy.
Related: Registered vs. Certified Respiratory Therapist (RRT vs. CRT)
Is Becoming a Respiratory Therapist Difficult?
Becoming a respiratory therapist can be challenging, but it is also highly rewarding. The path to becoming a respiratory therapist requires dedication.
It involves completing an accredited respiratory therapy program, which typically includes rigorous coursework in subjects like anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology, as well as clinical training.
Additionally, candidates must pass national credentialing exams to become certified. The difficulty level can vary depending on the individual’s background, study habits, and ability to manage complex information.
However, for those with a passion for healthcare and helping others, the rewards and fulfillment of the profession make the effort worthwhile.
Is Respiratory Therapy Harder Than Nursing?
The difficulty of respiratory therapy compared to nursing depends on individual strengths and interests, as both professions have their own unique challenges and areas of expertise.
Respiratory therapists focus specifically on the respiratory and cardiopulmonary systems, requiring deep knowledge of these areas. They often work with advanced equipment, such as ventilators, and provide specialized care for patients with respiratory conditions.
Nursing encompasses a broader scope of practice, including patient care, medication administration, and coordination of care across various medical conditions. Both fields require critical thinking, compassion, and the ability to work under pressure, making them challenging yet rewarding professions in their own right.
What Can a Respiratory Therapist Do That a Nurse Cannot?
Respiratory therapists possess specialized training and expertise in respiratory care that allows them to perform certain tasks that nurses may not typically undertake.
For example, respiratory therapists are trained to:
- Administer complex respiratory therapies and treatments, such as mechanical ventilation management and advanced airway clearance techniques.
- Conduct and interpret pulmonary function tests to assess lung capacity and function.
- Perform arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis to evaluate a patient’s oxygenation and acid-base balance.
- Assist physicians with bronchoscopies and other specialized procedures involving the respiratory system.
- Develop and implement individualized respiratory care plans for patients with specific lung diseases.
Note: While nurses have a broader scope of practice, respiratory therapists focus intensively on respiratory health and provide specialized care and management for patients with breathing disorders.
Is Respiratory Therapy the Right Career for You?
Respiratory therapy may be the right career for you if you have a strong interest in the respiratory and cardiopulmonary systems and a desire to work closely with patients to improve their breathing and overall health.
This career is ideal for individuals who are compassionate, detail-oriented, and comfortable with technology and medical equipment.
If you enjoy problem-solving, working in dynamic healthcare environments, and playing a crucial role in patient care, respiratory therapy could be a fulfilling career choice.
Additionally, the demand for respiratory therapists continues to grow, offering stability and opportunities for advancement in various healthcare settings.
Final Thoughts
Embarking on a career as a respiratory therapist opens the door to a fulfilling and impactful role in the healthcare field. With the demand for respiratory care professionals continuing to grow, there has never been a better time to pursue this career path.
By obtaining the necessary education, certification, and clinical experience, you can position yourself for success and make a meaningful difference in patients’ lives.
Whether you’re drawn to work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, or home healthcare, the skills and knowledge you acquire as a respiratory therapist will equip you to address diverse challenges and improve the quality of life for those you serve.
Written by:
John Landry is a registered respiratory therapist from Memphis, TN, and has a bachelor's degree in kinesiology. He enjoys using evidence-based research to help others breathe easier and live a healthier life.
References
- Faarc, Kacmarek Robert PhD Rrt, et al. Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care. 12th ed., Mosby, 2020.
- “What Is An RT?” AARC, 12 Sept. 2024.
- “The National Board for Respiratory Care.” The National Board for Respiratory Care. Accessed 18 Dec. 2024.
- “Respiratory Therapists : Occupational Outlook Handbook.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2024.